Why DMCC is Booming for Commodity Traders from China

 The Dubai Multi Commodities Centre (DMCC) has achieved a historic milestone in 2026: over 1,000 Chinese companies now operate within its free zone, representing 16% growth in the past 12 months alone[1][2]. This explosive expansion reflects DMCC's evolution into the strategic bridge for commodity trade between China and global markets, anchored by the robust $102 billion UAE-China bilateral trade relationship[3][4].

For Chinese commodity traders—whether dealing in gold, tea, coffee, diamonds, or jade—DMCC offers an unparalleled value proposition: direct connectivity to China's Belt and Road Initiative, specialized commodity infrastructure including the world's largest gold vault, tax-free operations, and five consecutive years of double-digit growth in Chinese company registrations (19% in 2022, 21% in 2023, 17% in 2024, and 16% in 2025)[1][2].

China has solidified its position as the UAE's largest trading partner globally, while the UAE serves as China's second-largest trading partner in the Middle East[4]. DMCC sits at the epicenter of this strategic relationship, handling over 43,000 metric tonnes of tea annually[5], operating the first yuan-denominated gold futures platform outside China[6][7], and facilitating $100 million in coffee trade through dedicated infrastructure[8][9].

This comprehensive analysis examines why DMCC has become the overwhelming choice for Chinese commodity traders, exploring cost structures, strategic advantages, commodity-specific infrastructure, licensing processes, and the geopolitical tailwinds driving this unprecedented boom.

The DMCC-China Strategic Partnership

Historical Foundation

DMCC's relationship with Chinese commodity traders didn't emerge overnight—it's the result of over a decade of strategic partnerships anchored by government-level agreements and purpose-built trade infrastructure.

The turning point came during Dubai Week in China (Shanghai) when DMCC signed three landmark commodity trade agreements that fundamentally transformed the UAE-China trade corridor[6][7]:

Shanghai Gold Exchange Partnership: The Dubai Gold and Commodities Exchange (DGCX) obtained a license to list Shanghai Gold Futures in Dubai using the Shanghai Gold Benchmark Price—creating the first yuan-denominated gold futures product outside China[6][7]

Agricultural Bank of China Partnership: ABC became the first market maker for Shanghai Gold Futures contracts listed on DGCX, providing crucial liquidity and institutional credibility[6][7]

Yunnan State Farms Group Coffee Agreement: DMCC secured annual import rights for Chinese Arabica coffee beans from Yunnan Province for global distribution through Dubai, valued at $100 million annually[8][9]

These agreements positioned DMCC as a direct extension of China's Belt and Road Initiative, creating what DMCC CEO Gautam Sashittal described as the "West to East commodity corridor"[6][7].

Five Years of Exponential Growth

The strategic foundation has translated into remarkable business momentum:

Table 1: DMCC Chinese Company Growth Trajectory 2021-2025

By October 2025, DMCC reached the 1,000 Chinese companies milestone, with over 135 technology firms among them[1][2]. This represents DMCC adding more than two Chinese companies per week on average over the past five years[10].

Belt and Road Integration

DMCC's infrastructure explicitly serves China's Belt and Road Initiative by:

Providing Dubai as a Western distribution hub for Chinese commodities destined for Europe, Africa, and the Americas

Enabling reverse trade flows of Middle Eastern commodities (crude oil, petrochemicals) to Chinese manufacturers[4]

Offering neutral jurisdiction advantages outside mainland China while maintaining direct Chinese institutional partnerships

Creating yuan-denominated trading mechanisms that reduce currency conversion friction for Chinese traders[6][7]

As noted by DMCC during its 2025 roadshow to Shanghai, Suzhou, and Hangzhou: "DMCC has successfully created a global hub for trade in the region, and offers a valuable gateway to Asia. We are perfectly placed to support the Belt and Road Initiative by developing national initiatives and creating new trade flows between Dubai and China"[11].

Commodity-Specific Infrastructure Advantages

DMCC's appeal to Chinese traders stems from world-class, commodity-specific infrastructure that eliminates traditional bottlenecks in international commodity trading.

1. Gold Trading Ecosystem

World's Largest Gold Vault and Trading Platform

DMCC operates the world's largest above-ground gold vault with secure storage, assaying, and trading facilities that handle billions of dollars in gold transactions annually[12].

Chinese-Priced Gold Trading

The landmark Shanghai Gold Futures contract on DGCX enables Chinese traders to:

Trade gold using Shanghai Gold Benchmark Prices outside Chinese jurisdiction

Denominate contracts in Chinese yuan (CNY) instead of USD, eliminating currency conversion costs

Access 24-hour trading windows across Asian, European, and American time zones

Benefit from Agricultural Bank of China market-making, ensuring liquidity[6][7]

This infrastructure has positioned Dubai as a critical node in global gold flows, particularly relevant given China's status as the world's largest gold consumer[13].

China as Major Gold Supplier to UAE

China has emerged as the third-largest supplier of gold jewelry to the UAE (behind Italy and India), leveraging lower manufacturing costs[14]. The Dubai Gold and Jewellery Group estimates Dubai's total gold consumption at 250 tonnes of jewelry and 250 tonnes of bullion annually[14], with Chinese manufacturers capturing increasing market share.

Diamond Trading Integration

DMCC has secured strategic diamond partnerships with Chinese exchanges:

Guangzhou Diamond Exchange (GZDE): MoU signed to boost diamond trade between Dubai and China, connecting over 1,500 registered Chinese jewellery companies in Guangzhou (China's largest jewellery retail market) with Dubai's 1,000+ diamond companies[15]

China Gems and Jade Exchange (CGJE): Partnership to connect buyers and sellers of gemstones and jade, promoting ethical business practices[16]

In 2019, Dubai's diamond trade reached AED 84 billion (USD 22 billion), with China representing a major growth market[15].

2. DMCC Tea Centre: World's Largest Tea Re-Export Hub

The DMCC Tea Centre has transformed the UAE into the largest tea re-exporter in the world[6][8], handling over 43,000 metric tonnes of tea annually[5].

Infrastructure Capabilities:

Temperature-controlled storage facilities maintaining optimal tea preservation conditions

Professional tea tasting and blending facilities

Packaging and re-labeling capabilities for regional distribution

Customs and logistics integration with Jebel Ali Port (5 minutes away)

Quality assurance and certification services

Chinese Trade Flows:

China is among the top 10 tea suppliers to the DMCC Tea Centre, alongside Uganda, Rwanda, Malawi, Kenya, Sri Lanka, India, and Vietnam[5]. In 2023, the centre moved over 24,400 metric tonnes of packaged tea, with production increasing 27% year-on-year[5].

Chinese tea traders leverage DMCC's infrastructure to:

Re-export premium Chinese teas to Middle Eastern, European, and African markets

Blend Chinese teas with regional varieties for custom formulations

Access Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) markets without country-specific registrations

Benefit from UAE's 100+ double taxation avoidance agreements

3. DMCC Coffee Centre: New China-UAE Trade Corridor

Opened in 2018, the DMCC Coffee Centre represents a $100 million annual trade corridor specifically developed to handle Chinese coffee exports[8][9].

Yunnan Arabica Coffee Partnership:

DMCC's agreement with Mega Capital Halal (Hong Kong) and Yunnan State Farms Group imports premium Arabica coffee beans from Yunnan Province to Dubai for global distribution[6][8][9].

Facility Specifications:

Capacity: Up to 20,000 tonnes of green coffee beans annually

Temperature control: Climate-regulated storage preventing bean degradation

Processing capabilities: Sorting, grading, roasting, and packaging services

Strategic location: Adjacent to Jebel Ali Port for rapid export[8][9]

Market Context:

The UAE sits at the center of a region accounting for 8% of global coffee trade ($6.5 billion of the $85 billion global market)[8]. Euromonitor International projects this could increase by one-third by 2030[8], positioning Chinese coffee exporters at DMCC to capture this growth.

4. Technology and Blockchain Infrastructure

Beyond traditional commodities, DMCC has evolved into a technology and digital asset hub, attracting 135+ Chinese tech companies[1][2].

DMCC Crypto Centre:

Home to 620 cryptocurrency and blockchain companies[17], the DMCC Crypto Centre offers Chinese crypto traders:

Regulatory clarity under UAE's progressive digital asset framework

Integration with commodities trading (tokenized gold, commodities derivatives)

Access to $150 million funding pool through business accelerators ($80 million already deployed)[17]

AI and Web3 Expansion:

DMCC has launched a dedicated AI Centre that attracted 63 companies in just two months since September 2025[17]. This complements commodity trading by offering:

AI-powered commodity trading platforms and analytics

Blockchain-based supply chain verification for commodities

Smart contract automation for trade settlements

The convergence of traditional commodity trading with emerging technologies positions DMCC as a future-ready platform for tech-savvy Chinese traders.

Cost Structure and Setup Process for Chinese Traders

DMCC License Costs 2026

DMCC's pricing is competitive for the infrastructure and strategic advantages provided:

Note: Exchange rate used: 1 AED = 1.95 CNY (approximate 2026 rate)[18][19].

Total Year 1 Cost for Commodity Trading Company:

License: AED 20,000 (CNY 39,000)

Setup: AED 12,000 (CNY 23,400)

Flexi-desk: AED 18,000 (CNY 35,100)

Visa (1 person): AED 3,000 (CNY 5,850)

Insurance: AED 1,000 (CNY 1,950)

Total: AED 54,000 (CNY 105,300)

This compares favorably to Hong Kong trading license costs (HKD 200,000+) and Singapore commodity trading setups (SGD 50,000+), with significantly greater strategic advantages for China-Middle East-Africa trade corridors.

Licensing Process Timeline

DMCC offers a streamlined 14-21 day setup process:

Business Activity Selection (Day 1-2): Choose commodity trading activities (gold, tea, coffee, diamonds, general trading)

Company Name Reservation (Day 2-3): Reserve trade name (AED 600)

Initial Approval (Day 3-8): Submit business plan, shareholder documents, passport copies

Office Selection (Day 8-10): Choose flexi-desk, shared office, or dedicated space

Lease Agreement (Day 10-12): Sign office agreement

License Payment (Day 12-13): Pay setup and annual fees

License Issuance (Day 13-18): Receive trade license certificate

Visa Processing (Day 18-28): Medical tests, Emirates ID, residence visa

Total Timeline: 14-21 working days for full operational capability[18][19][20].

Remote Incorporation: Chinese entrepreneurs can complete the entire process from mainland China through DMCC's digital platform and authorized agents like Easy Setup FZ LLC, requiring physical presence only for visa medical tests.

Key Benefits for Chinese Traders

100% Foreign Ownership: No local Emirati sponsor required

Zero Corporate Tax: Tax-free operations until at least 2053 (mainland companies face 9% tax on profits above AED 375,000)

Full Profit Repatriation: Unrestricted transfer of earnings to China

No Currency Restrictions: Multi-currency accounts including CNY, USD, EUR, AED

Residence Visas Included: Golden Visa pathways for entrepreneurs and families

Strategic Location: 4-hour flight to Beijing, Shanghai, or Guangzhou

Time Zone Advantages: GMT+4 provides overlap with both Asian and European trading hours

Strategic Geopolitical Tailwinds

UAE-China Bilateral Trade Dynamics

The $102 billion bilateral trade relationship (2024 data) provides the macroeconomic foundation for DMCC's boom[3][4].

Trade Composition:

Key Chinese Exports to UAE: Machinery, electronics, high-tech goods, textiles, consumer products[4]

Key UAE Exports to China: Crude oil, petrochemicals, aluminum, plastics[4]

This structural interdependence—China providing manufactured goods and technology while UAE supplies energy resources—creates stable, long-term demand for commodity trading infrastructure that DMCC provides.

China as UAE's #1 Trading Partner

China has been the UAE's largest trading partner globally for several consecutive years[4][6], surpassing the United States, India, and European nations. This preferential status translates into:

Simplified customs procedures between UAE and China

Preferential banking relationships (ICBC, Bank of China, ABC operating in Dubai)

Government-to-government commodity trade agreements

Joint infrastructure investments in ports and logistics

Belt and Road Initiative Alignment

DMCC's positioning as the "West to East corridor"[6][7] makes it a natural Belt and Road hub, offering Chinese traders:

Gateway to 3 billion consumers: Access to Middle East, Africa, Europe, and South Asia markets from one location

Jebel Ali Port connectivity: World's 9th largest container port, 5 minutes from DMCC

Dubai International Airport: World's busiest international airport for passenger traffic

UAE's 47 double taxation agreements: Minimizing tax burden on global operations

Regulatory Advantages Over Hong Kong

Recent geopolitical shifts have made DMCC increasingly attractive versus traditional Hong Kong hubs:

Neutral jurisdiction: UAE offers political stability without China-West tensions

Simpler compliance: Less complex regulatory reporting than Hong Kong or Singapore

Lower operational costs: Office and living expenses 30-40% lower than Hong Kong

Family-friendly environment: Quality of life considerations for relocating Chinese executives

Sector-Specific Advantages for Chinese Commodity Traders

Gold Traders

Access to world's largest gold vault with insurance and secure transport

Yuan-denominated futures trading eliminating forex conversion costs

Direct refining partnerships with UAE Gold Refinery and other accredited refiners

LBMA Good Delivery accreditation pathway for bullion traders

Tax-free profits on gold trading (vs. Hong Kong's potential capital gains taxes)

China Gold Context: As the world's largest gold consumer, Chinese traders need offshore platforms for international distribution, hedging, and price arbitrage. DMCC's Shanghai Gold Futures integration provides seamless China-global connectivity[6][7][13].

Tea Traders

43,000 MT annual capacity at DMCC Tea Centre

Blending and packaging facilities for custom regional formulations

Direct access to African, Middle Eastern, European markets without multiple registrations

Quality certification services meeting international standards

Established supplier networks with Kenya, Sri Lanka, India for blending opportunities

Chinese Tea Advantage: Premium Chinese teas (oolong, pu-erh, jasmine) command higher prices in Middle Eastern and European markets. DMCC infrastructure enables Chinese exporters to re-export and distribute without establishing entities in each target country[5].

Coffee Traders

Dedicated $100M coffee corridor with Yunnan State Farms Group

20,000 tonnes annual capacity at DMCC Coffee Centre

Temperature-controlled storage preventing quality degradation

Growing GCC coffee market projected to increase 33% by 2030[8]

Processing and roasting facilities for value-added operations

Yunnan Coffee Opportunity: Yunnan Province produces 95% of China's coffee, predominantly high-quality Arabica beans. DMCC provides the global distribution platform Chinese growers need to compete with Colombian, Brazilian, and Ethiopian suppliers[8][9].

Diamond and Gemstone Traders

Partnership with Guangzhou Diamond Exchange connecting 1,500+ Chinese jewellery companies[15]

Dubai Diamond Exchange tender facilities—world's largest

AED 84 billion diamond trade ecosystem (USD 22 billion)[15]

UAE Kimberley Process Certification for conflict-free diamond authentication

Jade and gemstone trading infrastructure via China Gems and Jade Exchange partnership[16]

China Jewelry Market Context: China's jewelry market has shown consecutive months of growth since 2020[15]. DMCC enables Chinese manufacturers and traders to source, trade, and distribute diamonds and gemstones across Asian, Middle Eastern, and Western markets from one jurisdiction.

Success Stories: Chinese Companies at DMCC

1,000+ Companies Milestone

As of October 2025, DMCC hosts over 1,000 Chinese companies across sectors[1][2]:

135+ technology firms: AI, blockchain, Web3, digital infrastructure

400+ traditional commodity traders: Gold, tea, coffee, diamonds, textiles

300+ manufacturing and industrial companies: Electronics, machinery, consumer goods

165+ service companies: Logistics, consulting, financial services

Growth Momentum

The five consecutive years of double-digit growth[1][2] indicates sustained, structural demand:

2022: +19% (131 new Chinese companies)

2023: +21% (166 new companies)

2024: +17% (158 new companies)

2025: +16% (148 new companies)

This translates to more than two new Chinese companies per week on average[10], demonstrating DMCC's effectiveness in attracting and retaining Chinese businesses.

Geographic Source Distribution

DMCC's 2025 roadshow targeting Shanghai, Suzhou, and Hangzhou (Yangtze River Delta) reflects the geographic source of Chinese companies[1][2]:

Shanghai: Financial services, trading companies, tech startups

Guangzhou/Shenzhen: Manufacturing, electronics, consumer goods

Beijing: State-owned enterprises, large commodity traders

Hangzhou/Suzhou: E-commerce, digital platforms, advanced manufacturing

Hong Kong: International trading arms of mainland Chinese corporations

Competitive Comparison: DMCC vs. Alternative Hubs

DMCC vs. Hong Kong

DMCC vs. Singapore

DMCC vs. Mainland China Free Zones

Strategic Takeaway: DMCC offers Chinese traders offshore operational advantages (tax-free, neutral jurisdiction, Western market access) while maintaining direct Chinese institutional partnerships (Shanghai Gold Exchange, ABC, Yunnan State Farms) that mainland-based competitors cannot replicate.

Implementation Roadmap for Chinese Commodity Traders

Phase 1: Pre-Setup Planning (2-4 Weeks)

Define commodity focus: Gold, tea, coffee, diamonds, or multi-commodity approach

Assess infrastructure needs: Vault storage, warehouse, office, or virtual setup

Calculate budget: License, office, visas, operational costs for 12-24 months

Research partnerships: Shanghai Gold Exchange membership, tea suppliers, coffee buyers

Banking strategy: Identify Chinese banks in UAE (ICBC, ABC, Bank of China) vs. local banks

Team requirements: Determine visa needs for relocating Chinese staff

Phase 2: DMCC Registration (2-3 Weeks)

Engage authorized agent: Partner with consultants like Easy Setup FZ LLC for documentation

Submit business plan: Detailed commodity trading model, target markets, volume projections

Company name reservation: Ensure availability and cultural appropriateness

Shareholder documentation: Passport copies, proof of address, financial statements

Office selection: Tour flexi-desk vs. dedicated office options

License approval: Receive initial approval from DMCC authorities

Payment: License fees, office deposit, setup costs

Phase 3: Operational Setup (3-4 Weeks)

Corporate bank account: Open multi-currency account (CNY, USD, AED)

Visa processing: Medical tests, Emirates ID, residence visa for founders and staff

Commodity infrastructure access: Register for DMCC Tea Centre, Coffee Centre, or vault services

Trading platform integration: Set up DGCX access for gold futures trading

Supplier/buyer onboarding: Establish trade relationships and credit lines

Compliance setup: AML/KYC procedures, commodity trading compliance

Logistics partnerships: Jebel Ali Port agents, customs brokers, freight forwarders

Phase 4: Launch and Scale (Ongoing)

First commodity shipment: Execute pilot transaction to test operational workflows

Banking relationships: Establish trade finance facilities, letters of credit

Team expansion: Hire local UAE staff or relocate additional Chinese personnel

Network development: Join DMCC community events, commodity-specific associations

Technology integration: Implement commodity trading software, blockchain tracking

Market expansion: Leverage DMCC to access African, European, and South Asian markets

Challenges and Mitigation Strategies

Challenge 1: Higher Costs Than Budget Free Zones

Reality: DMCC costs are 2-3x higher than RAKEZ or Ajman Free Zone.

Mitigation:

View as infrastructure investment—commodity-specific facilities justify premium

Calculate ROI based on trade volume—gold vault access, tea centre capacity

Consider flexi-desk initially, upgrade to dedicated office as business scales

Compare to Hong Kong/Singapore alternatives—DMCC remains 30-50% cheaper

Challenge 2: Language and Cultural Barriers

Reality: UAE business environment is English-dominant with limited Mandarin services.

Mitigation:

Engage Mandarin-speaking business setup consultants (Easy Setup FZ LLC offers Chinese language support)

Join Chinese business associations in Dubai—over 1,000 Chinese companies provide network

Hire bilingual staff (Chinese-English or Chinese-Arabic) for operations

Leverage Chinese bank branches in UAE for familiar banking processes

Challenge 3: Distance from Mainland China

Reality: 4-hour flight and 4-hour time difference from Beijing/Shanghai.

Mitigation:

GMT+4 time zone provides overlap with both Chinese morning and European afternoon

Direct flights from Dubai to 8+ Chinese cities daily (Emirates, Air China, China Southern)

Technology infrastructure—video conferencing, real-time commodity trading platforms

Rotating teams—maintain presence in both China and Dubai offices

Challenge 4: Initial Market Development

Reality: Building buyer/seller networks in new UAE market requires time investment.

Mitigation:

Leverage DMCC's existing commodity networks—Tea Centre, Coffee Centre participants

Attend DMCC-organized trade missions to China and regional markets

Join commodity-specific associations—Dubai Gold & Commodities Exchange, Dubai Diamond Exchange

Partner with established UAE commodity traders for market entry support

Future Outlook: Why the Boom Will Continue

1. UAE-China Trade Growth Trajectory

With bilateral trade at $102 billion in 2024[3][4] and growing at 5.78% CAGR, analysts project:

2026: $114 billion

2028: $128 billion

2030: $144 billion (projected)

This macroeconomic growth ensures sustained demand for DMCC's commodity trading infrastructure.

2. Commodity Market Expansion

Gold: China's central bank has increased gold reserves for 10 consecutive months[13], driving demand for offshore trading platforms like DMCC's yuan-denominated futures.

Tea: DMCC Tea Centre's 27% year-on-year packaging growth[5] indicates rising regional consumption and re-export demand.

Coffee: Middle East coffee market projected to grow 33% by 2030[8], benefiting Yunnan coffee exporters at DMCC.

Diamonds: China's jewelry market recovery post-2020 creates growing import demand for diamond traders at DMCC[15].

3. Technology Integration

The convergence of AI, blockchain, and traditional commodities positions DMCC at the forefront of "Commodity 4.0" trends:

Blockchain-verified supply chains for ethical sourcing

AI-powered commodity price forecasting and trading

Tokenized commodity trading (digital gold, fractional ownership)

Smart contract automation for cross-border settlements

DMCC's 620 crypto companies[17] and 135+ tech firms[1] create a unique ecosystem where Chinese commodity traders can integrate cutting-edge technology.

4. Belt and Road Phase 2

As China's Belt and Road Initiative matures into Phase 2 (digital silk road, green energy corridors), DMCC is positioning itself as the:

Green commodity hub—sustainable sourcing, carbon-neutral logistics

Digital trade platform—blockchain-based commodity registries

Financial innovation center—commodity-backed digital currencies

5. Geopolitical Hedging

Ongoing US-China tensions and Hong Kong's evolving role make neutral, business-friendly jurisdictions increasingly valuable. UAE's strategic positioning as:

Diplomatic partner to both China and Western nations

Stable, long-term governance (50-year tax guarantees)

Open to international capital and talent

...ensures DMCC remains the preferred alternative to traditional Chinese offshore hubs.

Conclusion

The boom in Chinese commodity traders choosing DMCC isn't a temporary phenomenon—it's the result of strategic infrastructure investments, government-level partnerships, and macroeconomic fundamentals that position Dubai as the essential West-East commodity corridor.

With over 1,000 Chinese companies now registered (16% growth in 12 months)[1][2], $102 billion bilateral trade[3][4], yuan-denominated gold futures[6][7], 43,000 tonnes annual tea capacity[5], and $100 million coffee trade agreements[8][9], DMCC has created an irreplaceable ecosystem for Chinese traders targeting global markets.

For commodity traders in gold, tea, coffee, diamonds, or multi-commodity portfolios, DMCC offers:

World-class commodity-specific infrastructure

Direct integration with Chinese financial institutions

Tax-free operations with full profit repatriation

Gateway to 3 billion consumers across Middle East, Africa, Europe, and South Asia

Stable, neutral jurisdiction outside China-West geopolitical tensions

The five consecutive years of 19%, 21%, 17%, and 16% annual growth[1][2] demonstrate sustained structural demand that will continue as UAE-China trade expands toward $150 billion by 2030.

Easy Setup FZ LLC specializes in guiding Chinese entrepreneurs through DMCC registration, commodity infrastructure access, banking relationships, and operational launch. Our Mandarin-speaking consultants ensure seamless navigation of UAE business formation processes.

Contact Easy Setup FZ LLC today to establish your DMCC commodity trading operation and join over 1,000 Chinese companies leveraging Dubai's unparalleled commodity trading ecosystem.

References

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[10] DMCC. (2022, December 11). DMCC Doubles Chinese Companies Over Last 5 Years Underpinned by Robust UAE-China Relations. https://dmcc.ae/latest-news/dmcc-doubles-chinese-companies-over-last-5-years-underpinned-robust-uae-china-relations

[11] GABC. (2019, July 12). DMCC embarks on Chinese trade mission and signs two strategic MOUs. https://www.gabc.ae/en/business-blog/dmcc-freezone/135-dmcc-embarks-on-chinese-trade-mission-and-signs-two-strategic-mous

[12] DMCC. (2026). World's premier business destination. https://dmcc.ae

[13] Reuters. (2025, September 25). China's August net gold imports via Hong Kong fall 39% from July. https://www.reuters.com/markets/asia/chinas-august-net-gold-imports-via-hong-kong-fall-39-july-2025-09-25/

[14] Gulf News. (2008, February 1). China among major gold suppliers to UAE. https://gulfnews.com/business/markets/china-among-major-gold-suppliers--to-uae-1.82756

[15] DMCC. (2020). DMCC strengthens Dubai-China Trade Ties through Diamonds. https://dmcc.ae/latest-news/dmcc-strenghtens-dubai-china-trade-ties-through-diamonds

[16] Gulf News. (2019, May 13). DMCC forms alliance with China Gems and Jade Exchange. https://gulfnews.com/business/dmcc-forms-alliance-with-china-gems-and-jade-exchange-1.63940905

[17] Ismail Al Hammadi. (2024, December 17). 620 Companies Operate in DMCC's "Crypto" Center: Numbers Reflect Dubai's Leadership in Emerging Technologies. https://ismailalhammadi.com/620-companies-operate-in-dmccs-crypto-center/

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